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Perceive perception definition3/15/2023 ![]() Observers watch what people do, and they make judgments about others based on those observations. ![]() In each case, the general perception of a person is the product of inference, and the attribution theories that were proposed a half a century ago remain valid in understanding how such perceptions occur. ![]() Instead, these attributes or traits must be discerned-either from observing the person’s actions (actually watching the person behave in a loyal or honest manner) or from interpreting information provided by a third party (e.g., what a roommate conveys about Jill or what the experimenter reveals). Many of the personal attributes that observers may want to know about another person (e.g., whether the person is loyal, honest, or contemptible) are not directly observable. Thus, the early research in this area investigated when and how people infer traits from behaviors. Jones and Keith Davis’s theory of correspondent inferences described why people infer that behaviors reveal personality. Harold Kelley’s covariation model, for example, described how people discern the attitudes of others based on simple factors surrounding observed behaviors. These basic observations affected decades of research and provided an important foundation for two related theories, in particular. Fritz Heider proposed that people can attribute the behaviors of others to factors that are internal (personality, dispositions, etc.) or external (situational constraints), but that people are prone to make internal attributions. Given that Bill kicked a dog, what kind of impression is an observer likely to form? Much of the early research investigating such impressions had roots in attribution theory. In social psychology, the phrase person perception has historically referred to the perception of others that leads to judgments of traits and dispositions. Both of these types of person perception provide a foundation from which subsequent judgments are formed and subsequent interactions are shaped. Other forms of person perception occur more directly and require little more than seeing another person. Some forms of person perception occur indirectly and require inferring information about a person based on observations of behaviors or based on second-hand information. Person perception refers to a general tendency to form impressions of other people.
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